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Quick update - after rebooting the device, music is back again. So it seems unrelated to the iCloud sync issue.
Only on the iPhone so far, as I do not want to lose my progress on the iPad. I still cannot see it in the iCloud settings on the iPhone.

By the way, the background music now also does not play anymore - on both devices. (Game sounds still work fine.) That's a topic for another thread but I thought I mention it here just in case it might be related to the iCloud issue somehow.
Thanks Lewis,
However, I tried that but I still have no iCloud sync. I even killed the app on both devices before rebooting them. Still no joy.

Quell:reflect does not even show up in the preferences. (iCloud > Documents & Data, where all the apps with iCloud access are listed.)

I use an iPhone 4s and an iPad 2, both devices are on iOS 7.

Thanks,
chris